2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and judgments, including those related to ongoing litigation (see Note 6). The Company bases its estimates on various assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company and the Company’s chief operating decision maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business in one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company deposits its cash and cash equivalents with accredited financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents are held in business checking, cash sweep, and overnight money market mutual fund accounts. Only the business checking account is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), with coverage up to $250,000. Cash and cash equivalent deposits in excess of $250,000 are not covered by insurance provided by the FDIC. The cash sweep and overnight money market mutual fund accounts are invested overnight in highly liquid, short-term investments. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents also include amounts due from payment processors for credit card and debit card transactions pending settlement.

Restricted Cash

The Company is required to deposit funds in a bank account as security, or collateral, for corporate credit card accounts used for Company business expenses. Those restricted cash amounts totaled $200,000 and $0 as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively, and are included in restricted cash.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding the Company’s cash sweep and overnight money market mutual fund accounts, and the Company’s business checking account, to the extent of the amounts held in excess of FDIC limits. The Company limits its credit risk by placing its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions it believes are of high quality. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents, and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of its financial institutions.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in the Company’s fair value measurements. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The Company believes the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable approximate their estimated fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials procured for the purpose of manufacturing the Company’s Tome skincare products, work-in-process product components, and finished goods, and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost principally determined by the first-in, first-out method. Costs for inventories include shipping, delivery, freight, non-refundable taxes, tariffs, duties, and other landing costs. The Company’s policy is to perform an assessment of the recoverability of capitalized inventories during each reporting period and to write down any excess, obsolete, damaged, or expired materials to their estimated realizable value in the period in which the impairment is first identified. Given the early stage of the Company’s commercialization strategy, no impairments of inventories have been recorded as of September 30, 2026.

Property and Equipment and Other Assets

Property and equipment are stated at cost. The provision for depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally 2two to three years. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was less than $0.1 million, as the relevant assets were placed into service during the quarter ended September 30, 2026.

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets are internal-use software costs related to cloud computing arrangements, of less than $0.1 million, depending on whether the related asset is considered current or noncurrent. Implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements, which primarily relate to the implementation of the Company’s ecommerce platform in preparation of its commercial launch, as well as a planning and budgeting tool, are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-40, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal Use Software, which requires capitalization of eligible costs beginning when management authorizes and commits to the funding of the project with the required authority, and it is probable the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the functions intended. The provision for amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally two to three years. Amortization expense for internal-use software costs related to cloud computing applications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, was less than $0.1 million, as some of the relevant assets were placed into service during the quarter ended September 30, 2026.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), which requires revenue to be recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods or services, using the following five-step model: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company derives revenue through sales of its Tome skincare products, which commenced in August 2026. The Company sells its products direct to consumers and professional customers through the Company’s e-commerce platform in the United States. The Company’s revenue contracts contain one performance obligation, which is the delivery of the product. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. The transaction price is adjusted at the date of sale for any applicable sales discounts. The only variable consideration that exists is limited return rights for damaged products, and therefore, the Company expects minimal returns. The Company has experienced minimal product returns to date, and accordingly, no allowance for returns was recorded as of September 30, 2026. The Company recognizes revenue from sales of products at the point in time that the customer obtains control, which is typically upon shipment of the product. Virtually all the Company’s sales are paid by credit cards upon fulfillment and the Company usually receives the cash settlement within three banking days. Revenue is recorded net of sales tax and discounts.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales is comprised of all costs to manufacture and package the Company’s products, third-party logistics, and distribution costs, including shipping and handling costs, and royalties payable to the Company’s raw material supplier. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer as a fulfillment cost and records such costs in cost of sales.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of salaries and related expenses for personnel, including stock-based compensation expense and discretionary incentive bonuses, if any, external research and development costs incurred under agreements with contract research or laboratory organizations, costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements, costs related to developing future product candidates, and other allocated expenses.

Payments for research and development activities are based on the terms of the individual agreements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and payments made in advance of performance are reflected in the accompanying balance sheets as prepaid expenses and other current assets. The Company records accruals for estimated costs incurred for ongoing research and development activities. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the services, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received, and contracted costs. The Company uses judgments and estimates to determine the prepaid or accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

Selling, General and Administrative Costs

Selling, general and administrative costs are expensed in the period incurred. Selling, general and administrative costs primarily consist of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation and discretionary incentive bonuses, if any, marketing and brand-related expenses, including marketing studies of product candidates, paid media and advertising costs, as well as legal fees incurred relating to corporate, litigation, and patent matters, professional fees incurred for accounting, auditing, tax, and other consulting services, insurance costs, and other allocated expenses.

Payments for selling, general and administrative activities are based on the terms of the individual agreements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and payments made in advance of performance are reflected in the accompanying balance sheets as prepaid expenses and other current assets. The Company records accruals for estimated costs incurred for ongoing selling, general and administrative activities. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the services, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received, and contracted costs. The Company uses judgments and estimates to determine the prepaid or accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes net deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) management determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, management recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees, directors, and non-employees, based on estimated fair values recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. The fair value of options to purchase Common Stock granted to employees is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The calculation of stock-based compensation expense requires that the Company make certain assumptions and judgments about variables used in the Black-Scholes model, including the expected term of the stock-based award, expected volatility of the underlying Common Stock, dividend yield, and the risk-free interest rate. Forfeitures are accounted for in the period they occur.

Warrants

The Company performs an assessment of warrants upon issuance to determine their proper classification in the financial statements based upon the warrant’s specific terms, in accordance with the authoritative guidance provided in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480 and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815-40, including whether the warrants are indexed in the Company’s own Common Stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require cash settlement of the warrants.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be liability-classified and recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance and remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date thereafter. The Company has performed an assessment of all warrants issued and modified and determined that the Company’s warrants are equity classified.

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents from interest bearing demand accounts.

Patent Costs

Patent costs related to obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trademarks in both the United States and other countries are expensed as incurred. Patent costs are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and $0 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented. The Company did not have other comprehensive income (loss) items such as unrealized gains and losses. As such, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and 2025, comprehensive loss was equal to the net loss.

Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. The weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding includes (i) pre-funded warrants because their exercise requires only nominal consideration for the delivery of shares, and (ii) shares held in abeyance because there is no consideration required for delivery of the shares, (collectively, “basic shares”), without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting basic shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, stock options and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents but are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common stock if their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The common share equivalents that are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share but could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future are as follows:

   Schedule of Potentially Diluted Basic Earnings Per Share 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company reviewed recent accounting standards and identified the following as relevant to the Company.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosures and disaggregation of certain costs and expenses presented on the face of the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”). ASU 2025-06 updates the accounting for internal-use software by replacing former stage-based rules with a principles-based framework. Entities will now capitalize costs associated with internal-use software only when management has authorized and committed funding and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the intended function. ASU 2025-06 also supersedes website development cost guidance, moving it to ASC 350-40. These amendments are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this accounting guidance prospectively as of January 1, 2026, which did not have a material impact on its financial statements or its related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements (“ASU 2025-11”), which clarifies the guidance in Topic 270 to improve the consistency of interim financial reporting. The ASU provides a comprehensive list of required interim disclosures and introduces a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. ASU 2025-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2025-11 on its financial statements and related disclosures.